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The Via Francigena (:ˈviːa franˈtʃiːdʒena) is the common name of an ancient road and pilgrim route running from France to Rome, though it is usually considered to have its starting point much further away, in the English cathedral city of Canterbury. As such, the route passes through England, France, Switzerland and Italy. The route was known in Italy as the "''Via Francigena''" ("the road that comes from France") or the "''Via Romea Francigena''" ("the road to Rome that comes from France").〔(Valle d'Aosta Aosta Valley: Gran San Bernardo - La Via Francigena )〕 In mediaeval times it was an important road and pilgrimage route for those wishing to visit the Holy See and the tombs of the apostles Peter and Paul. == History of the pilgrimage to Rome == In the Middle Ages, Via Francigena was the major pilgrimage route to Rome from the north. The route was first documented as the "Lombard Way", and was first called the ''Iter Francorum'' (the "Frankish Route") in the ''Itinerarium sancti Willibaldi'' of 725, a record of the travels of Willibald, bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria. It was "''Via Francigena-Francisca''" in Italy and Burgundy, the "''Chemin des Anglois''" in the Frankish Kingdom (after the evangelisation of England in 607) and also the "''Chemin Romieux"'', the road to Rome. The name ''Via Francigena'' is first mentioned in the ''Actum Clusio'', a parchment of 876 in the Abbey of San Salvatore al Monte Amiata (Tuscany).〔(Via Francigena: history (PDF) )〕 At the end of the 10th century Sigeric the Serious, the Archbishop of Canterbury, used the Via Francigena to and from Rome in order to receive his ''pallium'';〔Hindley, Geoffrey ''A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The beginnings of the English nation'' (New York: Carroll & Graf) 2006:294-295.〕 he recorded his route and his stops on the return journey,〔The transcript, formerly in the Cottonian Library, is now in the British Library (Cotton Tiberius B.v., folios 34 and 35; (On-line map of Sigeric's route )〕 but nothing in the document suggests that the route was then new. Later itineraries to Rome include the Leiðarvísir og borgarskipan of the Icelandic traveller Nikolás Bergsson (in 1154) and the one from Philip Augustus of France (in 1191).〔Nikolás is noted in F. P. Magoun, Jr., "The Italian Itinerary of Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) in the Year 1191", ''Speculum'' 17.3 (July 1942:367-376) p. 367 note 2.〕 Two somewhat differing maps of the route appear in manuscripts of Matthew Paris, ''Historia Anglorum'', from the 13th century. The Welshman Rhodri Mawr in AD 880 and his grandson Howell the Good in 945 are both known to have visited Rome towards the end of their lives, but it is not known whether they went by land or by the dangerous and pirate-infested sea route via Gibraltar. Reports of journeys before Sigeric can only be apocryphal. We may be quite certain that the Benedictine William of St-Thierry, used the roads towards Rome on several occasions at the end of the 11th century. The return journey by sea was likely to be easier, thanks to the prevailing south-westerly winds, but tacking down to the Mediterranean would have made a very long journey indeed. A statement that a historical figure "died in Rome" may have been a historical falsity, but a metaphorical truth. The Via Francigena was not a single road, like a Roman road, paved with stone blocks and provided at intervals with a change of horses for official travellers. Rather, it comprised several possible routes that changed over the centuries as trade and pilgrimage waxed and waned. After all, (all roads lead to Rome ). Depending on the time of year, the political situation, and the relative popularity of the shrines of the saints situated along the route, travellers may have used any of three or four crossings of the Alps and the Apennines. The Lombards financed the maintenance and security of the section of road through their territories as a trading route to the north from Rome, avoiding enemy-held cities such as Florence. Another important point is that unlike Roman roads, the Via Francigena did not connect cities, but relied more on abbeys. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Via Francigena」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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